Kajian Estetika Seni Ukir Minangkabau pada Masjid Bingkudu: Perspektif Estetika Kantian dan Simbolisme Susanne Langer

Abstract

This study examines the aesthetic values, symbolic meanings, and philosophical dimensions of Minangkabau wood carving in the Bingkudu Mosque, located in Nagari Canduang Koto Laweh, Agam Regency, West Sumatra. Previous studies on Minangkabau carving have largely focused on formal and decorative aspects, with limited integration of aesthetic theory, symbolic interpretation, and local philosophical frameworks. This research employs a qualitative descriptive-interpretative approach. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with cultural figures and artisans, and visual documentation. The analysis integrates Immanuel Kant’s aesthetic theory, Susanne Langer’s symbolism, and Minangkabau cultural philosophy. The findings reveal that the carving motifs of the Bingkudu Mosque function not only as decorative elements but also as symbolic representations of Minangkabau cultural values, reflecting the principles of alam takambang jadi guru and adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah. The study also identifies intercultural influences in the development of carving forms, particularly through the adaptation of external artistic elements that have been reinterpreted within the local cultural framework. These findings demonstrate that Minangkabau carving is a dynamic cultural expression that integrates aesthetic, symbolic, and religious dimensions. This study contributes to the development of art and cultural studies by providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between visual form, symbolic meaning, and cultural identity, while also supporting efforts to preserve and transmit Minangkabau cultural heritage.